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The mean streets of Huntingdon

6/20/2017

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A man was telling how, a century ago, his father sought 20 acres in the middle of rural Pennsylvania so he could raise his children away from “the mean streets of Huntingdon.” (Huntingdon has a current population of 7,000. The word “mean” seemed hilarious, and I hope it referred to raccoons.)

Also, recently, a young couple near me was speculating about the best place to raise their toddler. Should you isolate them from exposure to harsh realities, or coach them through? That is, how do you teach children about “reality,” and also instill in them HOPE and JOY, and keep them safe?

This is playing into my feeling that our society has turned mean in the last two years. Yes, hate and meanness are being modelled by our leaders on a daily basis. And it is expressed by random “haters,” also on a daily basis, who are killing Muslim children in the formerly-safe suburbs or plowing their cars into crowds or blowing themselves up in popular cafes. Or posting vicious—the worst--things you could say, in great numbers, on social media.

We are hearing that some things we held precious are going to be destroyed: national parks, spiritual places on Indian reservations, whales and dolphins, and clean drinking water. Dog fighting is okay again. It’s okay to say you love dog fighting. BRUTES and BULLIES are in!

Yes, I think we have entered a dark age. And I believe we will come out of it.

But meanwhile, there is period (one year, a decade?) of visible evil and suffering. And yes, a democratic society voted for a leader who is bringing this catastrophe, possibly because they felt so hopeless already that they wanted the whole country to get blown up and suffer along with them. We are headed to be like the banana republics in South America, where the rich live in gated communities and drive from house to rich play-grounds in black-tinted limousines. Like Africa, where septuagenarians suck all the money out of the population, sock it into foreign bank accounts, and turn away from refugee camps full of starving, sick people (who comprise most of their society).

Yes, there are thinkers who say Africa will be saved by the youth, who will rise up and take power back.

Who will save us? Will there be enough leaders and activists to put jobs, health care, money and opportunity back into the hands of the majority of the population? Undo the “wired” capitalist systems that let billionaires avoid taxes, export jobs, exploit workers, make higher education exclusive again, and disdain charity? It doesn’t look like our elected leaders are willing to fix this. Those in power have reached levels of corruption and sell-out formerly seen in other countries.

While the pendulum swings between horrible and okay, in our daily political life, we have to find redeeming hope and joy, and not succumb to hopelessness and anger. Be more kind than we’ve ever been. Help others as much as we can. Random acts of kindness, tolerance, respect, and appreciation. Materially, most of us still live better than most of the world.

I am compartmentalizing. Most of my day, I try to behave like my best self, the person I would want to be in a good, spiritually ideal society. The kids need to witness decency and respect. People around us will see that and we can lift each other. But during other moments of the day, I am angry, incensed. Depressed, hopeless about the good things I value: equal rights, support for the weak and sick, equal opportunity. Social justice. We need to keep acting, and voting, for the values we hold.
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Thanks to all the people who are RESISTING the transgressions against democracy, against civil rights, against charity and giving, and respect. I think we will prevail. I am sorry we could not take it for granted, and the election swung us into a dark age, making it hard work again. 
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Displaced people, refugees, immigrants

9/21/2016

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​We are indeed blessed and having a charmed life if we are physically and emotionally comfortable, have access to education and jobs, and are safe from discrimination and oppression.

How many people is that?

On the news last night, a UN official said that 1% of the world’s population was in “refugee status.” I thought, “how close to home is this experience?”

I’m foreign-born, an immigrant. In the USA, 13% of the population is like me. That’s more than one in ten.
Other countries have more foreign-born immigrants: Australia has 27% of population, Canada 20%. Europe is at 7%.

That’s a lot of “displaced people.” Some fled certain death, economic disaster, hardship, oppression.

How many of us are familiar with the “immigrant experience?” A majority of the population identifies as within three generations of an immigrant. Those within three generations may be actually as high as 75% of the population.

You’ll be encouraged that second-generation Americans do very well, almost catching up with “natives” in many respects.  That’s almost miraculous—and explains why a LOT of people want to come to the USA.

Remember “foreign-born” can mean: I don’t know the language, I have no house, I have no job or financial security, I don’t know how to get food-housing-jobs-healthcare-schooling. A huge learning curve in a foreign language. The days and months go by as you try to get out of poverty, send the kids to school, provide for the family.

Even so, for the second generation, median income and home ownership are CAUGHT UP with “natives.” And the percentage of college graduates EXCEEDS the rate for “natives.” Immigrants must be desperate for security and basic needs.

My parents were part of the 12 million people wandering around Europe right after World War II around 1945. I won’t repeat all the groups behind the numbers. They were all in misery over some reason they could not “go home” anymore.

There are other miseries besides being “displaced.” We could have the legacies of slavery and racism in our family experience. Native American mistreatments. Or, losing jobs and dropping into poverty, having to move and start over, for reasons other than national politics. “Food insecurity” which means you don’t have enough to eat, even though you may be born here.

There are about 1.5 million people seeking asylum in Europe now.
​
The numbers seem to say: Don’t be cold-hearted about immigrants. In America, there is probably one in your family tree within three generations.
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Responding to Sexists

8/10/2015

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Amanda Taub says Donald Trump gave us a master class in sexism. She analyses various ways that he attacked the moderator Megyn Kelly. I thought it would help to think through HOW TO RESPOND to each of the "types" of deflections a sexist typically uses.

See Amanda Taub’s article, Aug 7, 2015: http://www.vox.com/2015/8/7/9114943/donald-trump-sexism-debate.

The strategies of sexists (per Taub), with my examples of how to respond:

1.      Claim that the complaint is an exaggeration in order to imply that the complainant can’t be trusted.

“Mr. Trump, your personal mockery of Rosie O’Donnell does not answer the question. It might be a fun comment in a reality show (The Apprentice?) where bullying and name-calling are a form of entertainment. She’s a comedian, and you are bidding for the part of leader of the free world. How do you explain your frequent categorical insults about women and to women? They are on record and observed by many others, and experienced by many others. You give me too much credit for this observation.”

2.      Dismiss demands for respect and equality as mere “political correctness.”

“Mr. Trump, you seem uncomfortable with big changes in our society. It used to be ‘correct’ to put women (and minorities, and immigrants) down, as inferior and unworthy of equal respect and treatment. Are you saying that your respect for these groups is false, on your part, and that you feel that this is just pressure to pretend that you respect them, when you don’t? Do you think their campaigns for respect are frivolous?”

3.      Insist that this complaint is too minor to bother with when there are more important things to worry about.

“Mr. Trump, you’re a CEO and we have to assume that you take the job of managing people seriously. Do you find that bullying, insulting and humiliating individuals improves their performance? Do you subscribe to the management (and political philosophy) that leaders need to win people’s loyalty through respect for them, to build teams and to bring them together? That national leaders need to build national consensus and national identity? Maybe build corporate or national cultures that tolerate and respect diversity?”

4.      Say it was just “fun.”

“Mr. Trump, have you ever asked the people you are insulting if they think it’s funny? Do you think making fun of certain groups is a way to bond with others? Do you only work with people who all agree on what groups are okay when it comes to this kind of fun? Do you need personal attacks and mockery of women to have fun?”

5.      Pretend the complaint is really just about personal animosity.

“Mr. Trump, I am honored that you think that your feelings about me personally are important in this discussion. I feel I am presenting a question many other people have. It’s really not about me. It’s about you. How about speaking to the complaint and answering the question?”

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Sue Rosser, Ed -- Women, Science, and Myth: Gender Beliefs from Antiquity to the Present (2008)

6/25/2015

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The collection of papers examines the ways scientists have researched gender throughout history, the ways those results have affected society, and the impact they have had on the scientific community and on women, women scientists, and women's rights movements.

One theme is myths of gender in different scientific disciplines.

It unmasks the sources of a number of debilitating biases concerning women's intelligence and physical attributes.

 http://www.amazon.com/Women-Science-Myth-Beliefs-Antiquity/dp/1598840959/

WHAT’S HERE?

Stupid unproven ideas about women made up by scientists in the 20th Century. Yes, it happens.



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Beyond Bias and Barriers:  Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering(2007)

6/25/2015

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A report prepared by the National Academies of Science and Engineering, particularly Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering

A classic policy report: women face barriers to success in every field of science and engineering; obstacles that deprive the country of an important source of talent. Without a transformation of academic institutions to tackle such barriers, the future vitality of the U.S. research base and economy are in jeopardy.

OLD POLICY REPORTS??

You might say, this is old. The findings are still valid. The report raised awareness of significant related research on discrimination and the status of women. It provided an authoritative, quotable source. Does a policy report change policy? It was a major brick.


http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11741/beyond-bias-and-barriers-fulfilling-the-potential-of-women-in

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AAUW --Tenure Denied: Cases of Sex Discrimination in Academia (2004)

6/25/2015

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This report examines sex discrimination cases supported by the AAUW Legal Advocacy Fund during the previous 20 years and concludes with recommendations aimed at preventing future incidents of sex discrimination for female faculty and for higher education institutions.

AGAIN, WHY THIS?

Because it describes my generation. Blow by blow. The struggle for access to jobs, dignity and respect. Very depressing reading, but it’s like holocaust stories: people’s souls died here.

http://history.aauw.org/aauw-research/2004-tenure-denied



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Vivian Gornick -- Women in Science: Then and Now (2009)

6/25/2015

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From Amazon’s blurb: Writer and journalist Vivian Gornick interviews famous and lesser-known scientists, compares their experiences then and now, and shows that, although not much has changed in the world of science, what is different is women’s expectations that they can and will succeed.

Everything from the disparaging comments by Harvard’s then-president to government reports and media coverage has focused on the ways in which women supposedly can’t do science. Gornick’s original interviews show how deep and severe discrimination against women was back then in all scientific fields. Her new interviews, with some of the same women she spoke to twenty-five years ago, provide a fresh description of the hard times and great successes these women have experienced.

WHY PICK THIS?

She describes the experiences of female academics of my generation. It is hair-raising. Sad. Tragic. I personally know many women whose lives were ruined by blatant discrimination and very public harassment for simple things, like advocating equal rights for women. They had to be TOUGH TOUGH TOUGH. They are lost heroines – the wasted lives of people who were born female at a bad time. 


http://www.amazon.com/Women-Science-Then-Vivian-Gornick/dp/1558615873/


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Virginia Valian -- Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women (1999)

6/25/2015

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From Amazon's blurb:  Why do so few women occupy positions of power and prestige? Virginia Valian uses concepts and data from psychology, sociology, economics, and biology to explain the disparity in the professional advancement of men and women. According to Valian, men and women alike have implicit hypotheses about gender differences -- gender schemas -- that create small sex differences in characteristics, behaviors, perceptions, and evaluations of men and women. Those small imbalances accumulate to advantage men and disadvantage women. The most important consequence of gender schemas for professional life is that men tend to be overrated and women underrated.

Valian's goal is to make the invisible factors that retard women's progress visible, so that fair treatment of men and women will be possible. The book makes its case with experimental and observational data from laboratory and field studies 


http://www.amazon.com/Why-So-Slow-Advancement-Women/dp/0262720310

This was one of my first books about discrimination and implicit bias. It explained the roots of inequality and why we need laws against discrimination to counter automatic behaviors of exclusion and putting women in subordinate roles.

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Stephanie Coontz --The Way We Really Are: Coming To Terms With America's Changing Families (1998)

6/25/2015

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Coontz addresses the mythology that surrounds today’s family—the demonizing of “untraditional” family forms and marriage and parenting issues. She argues that while it’s not crazy to miss the more hopeful economic trends of the 1950s and 1960s, few would want to go back to the gender roles and race relations of those years. Mothers are going to remain in the workforce, family diversity is here to stay, and the nuclear family can no longer handle all the responsibilities of elder care and childrearing.

http://www.amazon.com/Way-We-Really-Are-Americas/dp/0465090923

WHY CARE?

If you feel like you were not in a "normal" family, get over it. There is a "new normal," and it is not two parents and two children, stable through everyone's life. The profile of families has changed a lot: single-parent, female-headed, unmarried with children, same-sex, blended after a divorce, and so on. Yet children are still feeling sorry for themselves for "not being normal." Another set of "myths about normal" that we need to revise.

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Erving Goffman -- Stigma (1963) 

6/25/2015

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Erving Goffman introduced the word “stigma” to describe the phenomenon of excluding persons with disabilities, morally unearned. They are marked with shame and disgrace.

People who do not have “ordinary and normal” characteristics are stigmatized.

During the Christian Middle Ages, criminals, slaves or traitors were tattooed, branded, or physically mutilated (including blinding) to mark them as undesirables. It was a mark of shame and disgrace. A person with a stigma is sub-human, inferior, or morally bad.

Society categorizes people as ordinary and natural based on certain characteristics and expectations. These categories become unconscious and automatics. They comprise a virtual social identity. A person who does not have normal characteristics will be perceived as tainted, bad, dangerous, or weak. These attributed evoke stigma, or shame.

There are three types of stigma. First, due to physical deformities. Second, due to qualities of character such as dishonesty, addiction, or unemployment. Finally, there are stigmas of race, nation, and religion. Children learn stigmas in school, and taunt without inhibition. The stereotypes are specific: blind people are not supposed to make jokes, or enjoy dancing.

The central feature is social acceptance. Stigma “spoils the social identity.”  It is a form of “social death.”  The victim internalizes the stigma in self-hate. As one said, looking in a mirror, “I saw a stranger, a little, pitiable, hideous figure.”

It disrupts every social interaction. “Looking for a job was like standing before a firing squad. Employers were shocked that I had the gall to apply for a job.”

[From L.M.C. Brown:]
During difficult economic times, there is increased aggression toward stigmatized groups. “Some people are stigmatized for violating norms, whereas others are stigmatized for being of little economic or political value.”

Not all “otherness” or “difference” is stigmatized. Stigmas reflect the values of the dominant group, which determines (consciously or unconsciously) which human differences are undesired and devalued to the point of stigma.

People with disabilities are constant reminders  of the “negative body” – what the able-bodied are trying to avoid, forget, and ignore.

Western civilizations prize personal autonomy and independence. Excessive dependence and helplessness is associated with being child-like. Women are expected to be attractive. Adults should have children. Negative cultural views are reinforced by the media, clergy, health personnel, development agencies, and literature.

DOES THIS APPLY TO ME?

If you don’t have a visible disability now, and you live a long time, you may have one before you die. “Stigma” can describe how we treat the poor, older females, older people with infirmities. Immigrants we find strange.


http://www.amazon.com/Stigma-Notes-Management-Spoiled-Identity/dp/0671622447/


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